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2018

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04

Current Status of Powder Metallurgy

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Powder metallurgy is a process technology for producing metal or using metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw materials, which are formed and sintered to produce metal materials, composites, and various types of products. Powder metallurgy has similarities with ceramic production, therefore a series of new powder metallurgy technologies can also be used for the preparation of ceramic materials. Due to the advantages of powder metallurgy technology, it has become the key to solving new material problems and plays a pivotal role in the development of new materials. China's powder metallurgy industry has experienced nearly 10 years of rapid development, but there are still several gaps compared with foreign counterparts
  Powder metallurgy is a process technology that uses metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw material, and produces metal materials, composites and various types of products through molding and sintering. Powder metallurgy is similar to ceramic production, so a series of new powder metallurgy technologies can also be used for the preparation of ceramic materials. Due to the advantages of powder metallurgy technology, it has become the key to solving new material problems, playing a pivotal role in the development of new materials.
 
  China's powder metallurgy industry has experienced nearly 10 years of rapid development, but there are still several gaps compared with foreign counterparts: (1) Many enterprises, small scale, and the economic benefits are very different from foreign enterprises. (2) Product crossover, enterprises mutually undercutting prices, fierce competition. (3) Most enterprises lack technical support, backward R&D capabilities, low product grade, difficult to compete with foreign countries. (4) Lack of reinvestment and troubles. Add (5) backward process equipment and supporting facilities. (6) Few product exports and poor trade channels.
  With China's accession to the WTO, the above-mentioned shortcomings and weaknesses will be improved, because after joining the WTO, the market will gradually become internationalized, and the powder metallurgy market will have further opportunities for expansion; at the same time, with the entry of foreign capital and technology, powder metallurgy and related technologies will also be improved and developed.
 
  II. Characteristics
  Powder metallurgy has unique chemical composition and mechanical and physical properties, which cannot be obtained by traditional casting methods. Powder metallurgy technology can directly produce porous, semi-dense or fully dense materials and products, such as oil-containing bearings, gears, cams, guide rods, tools, etc., which is a less-cutting process.
  (1) Powder metallurgy technology can minimize the segregation of alloy components and eliminate coarse and uneven casting structures. It plays an important role in the preparation of high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, rare earth hydrogen storage materials, rare earth luminescent materials, rare earth catalysts, high-temperature superconducting materials, and new metal materials (such as Al-Li alloys, heat-resistant Al alloys, superalloys, powder corrosion-resistant stainless steel, powder high-speed steel, intermetallic compound high-temperature structural materials, etc.).
  (2) It can prepare a series of high-performance non-equilibrium materials such as amorphous, microcrystalline, quasicrystalline, nanocrystalline and supersaturated solid solutions, which have excellent electrical, magnetic, optical and mechanical properties.
  (3) It can easily realize various types of composites, fully exerting the characteristics of each component material, and is a low-cost process technology for producing high-performance metal-based and ceramic composites.
  (4) It can produce materials and products with special structures and properties that cannot be produced by ordinary smelting methods, such as new porous biomaterials, porous separation membrane materials, high-performance structural ceramics, grinding wheels and functional ceramic materials.
  (5) It can realize near-net shape forming and automated mass production, thus effectively reducing the consumption of production resources and energy.
  (6) It can fully utilize ores, tailings, steelmaking sludge, rolling steel scale, and recycled scrap metal as raw materials, which is a new technology that can effectively recycle and utilize materials.
  Many commonly used machining tools and hardware abrasives are manufactured using powder metallurgy technology.

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