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2021

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Why is the number of gear teeth so important?

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As a power transmission component, gears are now increasingly related to life. For example, cars need to use gears, and electric vehicles and bicycles also need gears. In addition, gears mainly refer to the continuous meshing of gears on the rim to transmit power. They first appeared at the end of the 19th century. At that time, Switzerland invented the variable pull method and also processed gears, and then Britain, the United States, and Germany also successively developed gears. With the development of technology, the materials and processing methods of gears have also been upgraded and improved, and finally established as arc-shaped gears. It is understood that China, through decades of efforts and development, once in 2005
  As a power transmission component, gears are now increasingly integrated into daily life. For example, cars, electric vehicles, and bicycles all use gears. Gears, primarily referring to wheels with continuous meshing teeth on their rims to transmit power, first appeared in the late 19th century. At that time, Switzerland developed and manufactured gears using a variable-pitch method, followed by Britain, the United States, and Germany. With technological advancements, gear materials and processing methods have been upgraded and improved, eventually establishing the arc-shaped gear.
  It is reported that through decades of effort and development, China's gear production value reached 68.3 billion yuan in 2005, representing the fastest-growing sector in the country's machinery industry. Importantly, gear manufacturing requires not only specific molds but also advanced machine tools, along with extremely stringent requirements on the number of teeth.
  It is understood that most gears have around 17 teeth, with a minimum of about 14. However, in reality, gears with fewer than 17 teeth are not uncommon. The recommendation of 17 teeth is primarily for safety considerations during manufacturing. If the number of teeth is too small, the cutting process might thin the root, also known as undercutting. Through repeated experiments, it was found that controlling the number of teeth around 17 largely prevents the root from being damaged by the gear cutting tool. Of course, this requires detailed calculations to determine the specific cutting method. Avoiding undercutting is the best protection for gears.
  However, gears are usually straight-toothed, with inclined teeth being rare. Why do car gears use inclined teeth? In car transmissions, multiple gears are combined. During driving, power is transmitted through gear meshing. Using inclined teeth enables better gear meshing. Under full load, inclined teeth work like screws, providing high engagement and reducing wear. This also contributes to smoother shifting; therefore, most car transmission gears are inclined.
  So, do gears with fewer than 17 teeth fail to rotate? No. Gears with fewer than 17 teeth will experience undercutting, leading to increased wear and higher costs. Therefore, 17 teeth is generally recommended, a suggestion made with consumer interests in mind.
  Of course, with global technological advancements, the number of teeth is no longer a significant constraint. In some high-precision machining fields, manufacturing a gear is not difficult. Therefore, whether future gears will still use 17 teeth remains uncertain.

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